The hottest robots do you know their ears

Robots: do you know their ears? And there is still a certain gap with the international European Union and American standards

if a robot wants to talk with people, it must first be able to hear people, otherwise it will be deaf and dumb, and it cannot realize the dialogue with people. Therefore, the hearing of intelligent robots is one of the focuses of scientists' research

robot ears, which are different from human ears

human ears are as important sensory organs as eyes. Sound waves tap the eardrum to stimulate the impulse of auditory nerve, which is then transmitted to the auditory area of the brain to form human hearing. The ears of robots are usually made of "radio" or "tape recorder". The ear of the remote-controlled robot sent into space is a radio receiver

human ears are very sensitive. The weakest sound we can hear has a pressure of only a few tenths of a kilogram per square centimeter on the eardrum. However, the "ear" made of a piezoelectric material called barium titanate is more sensitive than human ears, and even the sound waves reflected by small things like matchsticks can be "heard" clearly by it. If such ears are used to monitor the grain depot, the sound of a small insect crawling in 2kg of grain can be accurately "heard" by it

professor aonaibo of Kyoto University in Japan and researcher of Zhongtai Yibo of the science and technology revitalization corps have made breakthroughs in this regard, and invented robots with "human ears". The "human ear" robot uses the principle of bionics. Its ear shape is the same as that of the human ear. It can gather sounds from all directions, and its resolution is better than that of the human ear. It can hear three people at the same time. This "human ear" is made of silicon, with driving devices in the front, back, left and right, and microphones in the depths of the ears. The ear acts as an antenna to receive the surrounding sound. The ear surface is wrapped with silicone, which can prevent sound reflection and enhance the sound gathering effect

in addition, the robot "ears" made of piezoelectric materials can also hear sound. The principle is that piezoelectric materials can generate voltage when subjected to tension or pressure. This voltage can change the circuit, which is called electrical effect. When it is continuously stretched or compressed under the action of sound waves, it produces current that changes with the change of sound signals. This current is sent to the electronic computer for processing after passing through the amplifier. In this way, the robot can hear the sound

when it first entered the field of graphene in that year,

robot ears can recognize sound

auditory sensors are robot ears. Hearing sounds is only the first step, and it is more important to be able to recognize different sounds. At present, people have successfully developed a device that can recognize continuous speech. It can recognize the voice of people who are not specially designated at a rate of 99%. This technology makes the electronic computer have the function of "obedience", which will greatly reduce the complexity of computer operators. Operators can use their mouths to issue instructions directly to the computer, changing the situation that people used to operate machines with their hands and eyes busy while their mouths and ears were idle. Using "machine ears", an operator can control machines in all directions with sound at the same time, and can also send instructions to machines upstairs and downstairs at the same time, without lighting, so that the robot can work in the low efficiency of night Vickers hardness test or underground. For example, pipeline cleaning robots, explosive disposal robots, loading and unloading robots can all work at night, which can not only improve the working speed but also save time

an auditory sensor that only requires a response to sound is relatively simple, and it can be done with only an acoustoelectric converter. However, it is very difficult for domestic robots to understand the owner's language instructions and clean the room, open and close the door, and take out the garbage according to the instructions. It will be even more difficult if the robot is further required to be able to talk with its master, distinguish the voice of its master from that of others, and only execute its master's commands

sound sensor

can robots have hearing like humans and hear the sound in the environment? Of course, we can install a sound sensor for the robot. A sound sensor is actually a device similar to a microphone or headset, which is used to receive sound information. The volume of sound is expressed in decibels

general sound sensors can only sense the presence or absence of sound and the volume, but cannot distinguish semantics. For example, a voice controlled robot starts to move forward when it hears the sound, and stops moving when it hears the sound again. The sound pressure detected by the sound sensor is greater than 90 dB. The level of sound pressure is very complex. Generally, the smaller the number on the sensor, the smaller the sound

the current research level is only to recognize human speech through speech processing and recognition technology, and it can also correctly understand some very simple sentences. Because human language is very complex and has a rich vocabulary, even the same person's pronunciation will change with the change of environment and physical condition. Therefore, in order to make the robot's auditory system have the function close to human ears, in addition to expanding the computer capacity and improving its computing speed, people also need to do a lot of hard research and exploration work in other aspects. In addition, people are still studying to enable robots to identify people's psychological state through sound. They hope that robots in the future will not only understand what people say, but also understand people's emotions such as joy, anger, surprise and hesitation. These have brought great development space to the application of robots